{"id":14,"date":"2013-06-02T03:04:00","date_gmt":"2013-06-02T03:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/?p=14"},"modified":"2013-06-02T03:04:00","modified_gmt":"2013-06-02T03:04:00","slug":"hvad-er-tomstunda-og-felagsmalafraedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/?p=14","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki \u00far vegi fyrst ma\u00f0ur er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 kl\u00e1ra fimm \u00e1ra h\u00e1sk\u00f3lan\u00e1m (3 \u00e1r B.A. og 2 \u00e1r M.Ed) \u00ed t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r svarinu vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri spurningu sem dynur \u00e1 mann \u00e1 mannam\u00f3tum, hva\u00f0 er t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i?<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00c1\u00f0ur en spurningunni ver\u00f0ur svara\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 byrja \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra hva\u00f0 t\u00f3mstundir og t\u00f3mstundastarf er og tilur\u00f0 \u00feess n\u00e1ms. T\u00f3mstundir er skilgreint sem s\u00e1 t\u00edmi sem ma\u00f0ur ey\u00f0ir \u00ed skipulagt starf e\u00f0a af\u00fereyingu og fer fram \u00ed fr\u00edt\u00edma hvers og eins. Fr\u00edt\u00edmi er aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti s\u00e1 t\u00edmi sem ma\u00f0ur er ekki a\u00f0 sinna vinnunni sinni e\u00f0a (skyldu)n\u00e1mi og uppfylla l\u00edkamlegar og andlegar \u00fearfir, eins og a\u00f0 matast, sofa, \u00fer\u00edfa sig og sinna heilsunni (Vanda Sigurgeirsd\u00f3ttir, 2010). <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nS\u00ed\u00f0an angar i\u00f0nbyltingarinnar n\u00e1\u00f0u til \u00cdslands og ger\u00f0u me\u00f0al annars \u00fat af vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 ba\u00f0stofumenningu sem var vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0i \u00e1ratugum saman fr\u00e1 upphafi \u00cdslandsbygg\u00f0ar, \u00fear sem heilu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0irnar eyddu kv\u00f6ldunum vi\u00f0 allskyns handavinnu, h\u00faslestur, spil og s\u00f6ng, \u00fe\u00e1 hefur fr\u00edt\u00edmi f\u00f3lks aukist og \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega yngstu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0arinnar sem \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr t\u00f3k til hendinni vi\u00f0 h\u00fasverkin til jafns vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 fullor\u00f0nu. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 flytjast \u00ed \u00fe\u00e9ttb\u00fdli \u00fe\u00e1 mynda\u00f0ist t\u00f3mar\u00fam sem umlukti b\u00f6rn og unglinga. Koma \u00feurfti upp h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00fatvega fullor\u00f0na f\u00f3lkinu atvinnu og var \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed algerum forgangi vegna breyttra a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0na \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu. Menntam\u00e1l voru \u00fev\u00ed sett \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja s\u00e6ti, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00fea\u00f0 ofarlega eing\u00f6ngu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 borgarv\u00e6\u00f0ast kraf\u00f0ist n\u00fdrrar \u00feekkingar og vinnubrag\u00f0a. Allt anna\u00f0 sat \u00e1 hakanum og \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al ungvi\u00f0i\u00f0 sem var hvernig sem \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 er liti\u00f0, afgangsst\u00e6r\u00f0 \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu. \u00cd s\u00edbreytilegum heimi \u00fear sem stefnubreyting
\nver\u00f0ur daglega, einfaldlega \u00fea\u00f0 sem er \u201einn\u201c \u00ed dag er \u201e\u00fat\u201c \u00e1 morgun, eiga \u00feeir
\nsem eldri eru, erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 fylgja \u00feeirri \u00fer\u00f3un og eru jafnan m\u00f6rgum skrefum \u00e1
\neftir. \u00dea\u00f0 sem liggur \u00fear a\u00f0 baki er a\u00f0 \u00e6ska uppalenda er \u00ed raun og veru
\n\u00farelt fyrirbrig\u00f0i \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 uppeldi \u00feeirra eigin barna. Ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0
\nheimf\u00e6ra reynslu og \u00feekkinguna yfir \u00e1 n\u00e6stu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edma\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi
\ngerast hlutirnir hratt og n\u00fdjar h\u00e6ttur leynast v\u00ed\u00f0a sem hugsanlega voru ekki
\n\u00e1\u00f0ur. Sem svar vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri \u00fer\u00f3un var komi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00f3t s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum f\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0vum unglinga og var liti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6r sem visst \u00f6ryggist\u00e6ki, \u00fear sem h\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 hafa
\neftirlit me\u00f0 unglingunum og beina \u00feeim \u00e1 heilbrig\u00f0ari og skynsamari brautir<\/span><\/span> (\u00c1rni Gu\u00f0mundsson, 2006).<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nMe\u00f0 tilkomu i\u00f0nbyltingarinnar breyttist l\u00edf f\u00f3lks. \u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vinna h\u00e1tt \u00ed 70 stunda vinnuviku, \u00fe\u00e1 er normi\u00f0 \u00ed dag 35 – 40. Tilkoma alls kyns t\u00e6kni, t\u00e6kja og t\u00f3la var\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 l\u00e9tta mannsh\u00f6ndinni verk sem \u00e1\u00f0ur voru erfi\u00f0 og t\u00f3ku mikinn t\u00edma, \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 heimilisst\u00f6rf. L\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i f\u00f3lks j\u00f3kst og t.d. m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjum Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku \u00ferefalda\u00f0ist fj\u00f6ldi \u00feeirra sem voru \u00e1 eftirlaunaaldri eftir aldam\u00f3tin 1900 (Leitner og Leitner, 2003). \u00deess m\u00e1 geta a\u00f0 \u00ed framhaldi af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ef mannfj\u00f6ldasp\u00e1 Hagstofu \u00cdslands stenst, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00e1\u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi \u00edslendinga \u00e1 eftirlaunaaldri ver\u00f0i h\u00e1tt \u00ed 100.000 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2060 (Hagstofa \u00cdslands. e.d). <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nSamkv\u00e6mt Weiskopf (1982) \u00fe\u00e1 ey\u00f0ir me\u00f0alma\u00f0ur h\u00e1tt \u00ed 27 \u00e1rum af \u00e6vi sinni \u00ed t\u00f3mstundir, \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja ef vi\u00f0 mi\u00f0um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 me\u00f0alma\u00f0urinn n\u00e1i 70 \u00e1ra aldri. Af \u00feessum 27 \u00e1rum ey\u00f0ir hann s\u00ed\u00f0an um \u00fea\u00f0 bil 10 \u00e1rum \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpsgl\u00e1p og fyrst vi\u00f0 erum farin a\u00f0 tala um sj\u00f3nvarpsgl\u00e1p, \u00fe\u00e1 ey\u00f0a b\u00f6rn \u00e1 aldrinum 2 – 5 \u00e1ra 25 – 32 klukkustundum \u00e1 viku fyrir framan sj\u00f3nvarpi\u00f0 (Pawlowski, 2000).<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nEkki hefur veri\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 deilt a\u00f0 h\u00f3fleg l\u00edkamsr\u00e6kt hressir mannsins hjarta og varla v\u00e6ri l\u00edkamsr\u00e6kt innleidd \u00ed n\u00e1msskr\u00e1 grunn- og framhaldssk\u00f3la \u00e1 \u00cdslandi sem og annars sta\u00f0ar \u00ed hinum si\u00f0v\u00e6dda heimi ef svo v\u00e6ri ekki. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 engu s\u00ed\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 um t\u00f3mstundir og t\u00f3mstundastarf \u00fdmis konar. Ranns\u00f3knir hafa s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tttaka \u00ed skipul\u00f6g\u00f0u t\u00f3mstundastarfi getur haft g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 heilsu f\u00f3lks, b\u00e6\u00f0i andlega og l\u00edkamlega (Caldwell, 2005, Siegenthaler, 1997). Skipulagt t\u00f3mstundastarf hefur einnig forvarnagildi gagnvart unglingum (\u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfur \u00de\u00f3rlindsson et al, 1998).  <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nAf \u00feessu m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 skipulagt t\u00f3mstundastarf er vel til \u00feess falli\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 auka almennt heilbrig\u00f0i f\u00f3lks og l\u00edfshamingju til lengri t\u00edma liti\u00f0. En til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeim markmi\u00f0um s\u00e9 n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 hefur myndast \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir fagf\u00f3lk sem s\u00e9rh\u00e6fir sig \u00ed vettvangi fr\u00edt\u00edmans og n\u00e1m \u00ed t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i er eitt svar vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri \u00fe\u00f6rf. \u00cd bo\u00f0i er n\u00e1m \u00ed t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0um vi\u00f0 Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/a> og skiptist \u00ed \u00feriggja \u00e1ra B.A.-n\u00e1m og \u00ed framhaldi af \u00fev\u00ed tveggja \u00e1ra M.Ed.-n\u00e1m. T\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0in er \u00ed raun og veru \u00feverfaglegt n\u00e1m og eru m\u00f6rg n\u00e1mskei\u00f0 sameiginleg me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum n\u00e1mslei\u00f0um, t.d. kennaran\u00e1mi og \u00feroska\u00fej\u00e1lfan\u00e1mi. N\u00e1mi\u00f0 inniheldur s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i, si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fdmis konar, f\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0i, verkefna- og vi\u00f0bur\u00f0astj\u00f3rnun, stj\u00f3rnun og rekstur, \u00fativist og \u00fatin\u00e1m, fyrir utan sj\u00e1lfa t\u00f3mstundir barna, unglinga og aldra\u00f0ra svo f\u00e1tt eitt s\u00e9 nefnt. \u00cd bo\u00f0i er b\u00e6\u00f0i sta\u00f0n\u00e1m og fjarn\u00e1m fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem kj\u00f3sa a\u00f0 sitja n\u00e1mi\u00f0 me\u00f0fram vinnu. <\/div>\n
\n
\nVonandi er einhver a\u00f0eins v\u00edsari um hva\u00f0 er t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i eftir \u00feennan lestur. <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHeimildir<\/b><\/div>\n
\n\u00c1rni Gu\u00f0mundsson (2006). Saga f\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0va \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk 1942-1992<\/i>.  Hafnarfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur: h\u00f6f.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nCaldwell, L.L. (2005): Leisure and health: why is leisure therapeutic?, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling<\/i>, 33:1, 7-26. S\u00f3tt \u00feann 29. ma\u00ed 2013 af http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/03069880412331335939<\/a><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\nHagstofa \u00cdslands. (E.d). Mannfj\u00f6ldasp\u00e1 s\u00f3tt 29. ma\u00ed 2013 af http:\/\/www.hagstofa.is\/?pageID=2593&src=\/temp\/Dialog\/varval.asp?ma=MAN09010%26ti=Sp%E1+um+mannfj%F6lda+eftir+kyni+og+aldri+2011%2D2060++++++++%26path=..\/Database\/mannfjoldi\/mannfjoldaspa2010\/%26lang=3%26units=Fj%F6ldi<\/a> <\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

Leitner, M. J. og Leitner, S. F. (2003). Leisure enhancement<\/i>. Binghamton, NY : Northam :: Haworth ; Roundhouse.<\/span> <\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nVanda Sigurgeirsd\u00f3ttir. (2010). Skilgreining \u00e1 hugtakinu t\u00f3mstundir. R\u00e1\u00f0stefnurit Netlu \u2013 Menntakvika 2010<\/i>. Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. S\u00f3tt \u00feann 29. ma\u00ed 2013 af http:\/\/netla.khi.is\/menntakvika2010\/025.pdf<\/a><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

Pawlowski, C. (2000). Glued to the tube: The threat of television addicttion to today’s family<\/i>. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc<\/span><\/span>
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\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

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\nSiegenthaler, K. L. (1997). Health benefits of leisure, Parks and recreation, <\/i>32(1), 24, 26, 28, 30-31 <\/div>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\nWeiskopf, D. (1982). Recreation and leisure: Improving the quality of life<\/i>. Boston: Allyn and Bacon<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfur \u00de\u00f3rlindsson, Inga D\u00f3ra Sigf\u00fasd\u00f3ttir, J\u00f3n Gunnar Bernburg og Vi\u00f0ar Halld\u00f3rsson. (1998). V\u00edmuefnaneysla ungs f\u00f3lks : umhverfi og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur<\/i>. Reykjav\u00edk: Ranns\u00f3knastofnun uppeldism\u00e1la- og menntam\u00e1la.  <\/div>\n

Views: 1<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki \u00far vegi fyrst ma\u00f0ur er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 kl\u00e1ra fimm \u00e1ra h\u00e1sk\u00f3lan\u00e1m (3 \u00e1r B.A. og 2 \u00e1r M.Ed) \u00ed t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r svarinu vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri spurningu sem dynur \u00e1 mann \u00e1 mannam\u00f3tum, hva\u00f0 er t\u00f3mstunda- og f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i? \u00c1\u00f0ur en spurningunni ver\u00f0ur svara\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 byrja \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-almennt-rofl","category-tomstundir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledrum.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}